Battle of the Trebia in the Second Punic War

The Battle of the Trebia is believed to have been fought on December 18, 218 BC during the early stages of the Second Punic War (218-201 BC). For the second time in less than fifty years, the competing interests of Carthage and Rome came into conflict and resulted in war. Following his capture of Saguntum in Iberia, the noted Carthaginian commander Hannibal, advanced over the Alps and invaded Italy. Taking the Romans by surprise, he advanced through the Po Valley and won a minor victory at Ticinus. A short time later, Hannibal descended on a larger Roman force along the Trebia River. Taking advantage of a rash Roman commander, he won a crushing victory. The triumph at Trebia was the first of several that Hannibal would win during his time in Italy. Background Having lost Sicily after the First Punic War (264-241 BC), Carthage later endured the loss of Sardinia and Corsica to the Romans when they were distracted putting down rebellions in North Africa. Recovering from these reverses, Carthage commenced expanding its influence to the Iberian Peninsula which gave it access to a variety of resources. This expansion led to direct conflict with Rome over the Hellenized city of Saguntum which was aligned with the Italian nation. Following the assassination of pro-Carthage citizens in Saguntum, Carthaginian forces under Hannibal laid siege to the city in 219 BC. Hannibal Marches The citys fall after a prolonged siege led to open warfare between Rome and Carthage. Completing the capture of Saguntum, Hannibal began planning to cross the Alps to invade northern Italy. Moving forward in the spring of 218 BC, Hannibal was able to sweep aside those native tribes that attempted to block his path and entered the mountains. Battling harsh weather and rough terrain, Carthaginian forces succeeded in crossing the Alps, but lost a significant part of there numbers in the process. Surprising the Romans by appearing in the Po Valley, Hannibal was able to earn the support of rebelling Gallic tribes in the area. Moving quickly, Roman consul Publius Cornelius Scipio attempted to block Hannibal at Ticinus in November 218 BC. Defeated and wounded in the action, Scipio was forced to fall back to Placentia and cede the plain of Lombardy to the Carthaginians. Though Hannibals victory was minor, it had significant political repercussions as it led to additional Gauls and Ligurians joining his forces which raised his armys numbers to around 40,000 (Map). Rome Responds Concerned by Scipios defeat, the Romans ordered Consul Tiberius Sempronius Longus to reinforce the position at Placentia. Alerted to Sempronius approach, Hannibal sought to destroy the second Roman army before it could unite with Scipio, but was unable to do so as his supply situation dictated that he assault Clastidium. Reaching Scipios camp near the banks of the Trebia River, Sempronius assumed command of the combined force. A rash and impetuous leader, Sempronius began making plans to engage Hannibal in open battle before the more senior Scipio recovered and resumed command. Hannibals Plans Aware of the personality differences between the two Roman commanders, Hannibal sought to fight Sempronius rather the wilier Scipio. Establishing a camp across the Trebia from the Romans, Hannibal detached 2,000 men, led by his brother Mago, under the cover of darkness on December 17/18. Sending them to the south, they concealed themselves in stream beds and swamps on the flanks of the two armies. The following morning, Hannibal ordered elements of his cavalry to cross the Trebia and harass the Romans. Once engaged they were to retreat and lure the Romans to a point where Magos men could launch an ambush. Fast Facts: Battle of the Trebia Conflict: Second Punic War (218-201 BC)Dates: December 18, 218 BCArmies Commanders:CarthageHannibal20,000 infantry, 10,000 cavalryRomeTiberius Sempronius Longus36,000 infantry, 4,000 cavalryCasualties:Carthage: 4,000-5,000 casualtiesRome: up to 26,000-32,000 killed, wounded, and captured Hannibal Victorious Ordering his own cavalry to attack the approaching Carthaginian horsemen, Sempronius raised his entire army and sent it forward against Hannibals camp. Seeing this, Hannibal quickly formed his army with infantry in the center and cavalry and war elephants on the flanks. Sempronius approached in the standard Roman formation with three lines of infantry in the center and cavalry on the flanks. In addition, velite skirmishers were deployed forward. As the two armies collided, the velites were thrown back and the heavy infantry engaged (Map). On the flanks, the Carthaginian cavalry, making use of their greater numbers, slowly pushed back their Roman counterparts. As pressure on the Roman cavalry grew, the flanks of the infantry became unprotected and open to attack. Sending forward his war elephants against the Roman left, Hannibal next ordered his cavalry to attack the exposed flanks of the Roman infantry. With the Roman lines wavering, Magos men sprang from their concealed position and attacked Sempronius rear. Nearly surrounded, the Roman army collapsed and began fleeing back across the river. Aftermath As the Roman army broke, thousands were cut down or trampled as they attempted to escape to safety. Only the center of Sempronius infantry, which had fought well, was able to retire to Placentia in good order. As with many battles in this period, precise casualties are not known. Sources indicate that Carthaginian losses were around 4,000-5,000, while the Romans may have suffered up to 32,000 killed, wounded, and captured. The victory at Trebia was Hannibals first great triumph in Italy and would be followed by others at Lake Trasimene (217 BC) and Cannae (216 BC). Despite these stunning victories, Hannibal was never able to completely defeat Rome, and was ultimately recalled to Carthage to aid in protecting the city from a Roman army. In the resulting battle at Zama (202 BC), he was beaten and Carthage was forced to make peace.

Company Motivational Profile Paper - 2752 Words

Company Motivational Profile Paper Microsoft Corporation is a worldwide industry with an annual income of more than $33 billion. Microsoft is more the then largest software and computer company in the world, they are a cultural phenomenon. At the company’s core they base themselves off of producing, developing, manufacturing, and licensing computers and software products. Some of these products include operating systems, server applications, business and consumer applications, developing tools and Internet software. This monster corporation is lead by Bill Gates, one of the world’s wealthiest men and business censor. This company has successfully placed at least one of their products in every home computer in the world. This feat†¦show more content†¦The best way Microsoft creates their representation of the company is by constructing the path for future leaders. Microsoft as a company to become more resourceful has reorganized their structure twice. In 2005 to give the executives more pow er in Microsoft the company reorganized into three large business divisions. Then by 2009 Microsoft made a change in the organization by splitting the divisions into five product groups (Willis, 2010). Because Microsoft is a public corporation the shareholders vote for their board of directors. The board of directors is the ones that appoint the president, vice president, secretary, treasurer, and top executives. As of today Steve Ballmer is the current CEO of Microsoft, and Bill Gates stays as the chairman. From Microsofts structure they organize their divisions which focus on specific services. What makes each division proficient to the products of Microsoft is that they all have their own customer service, research, and development staff. The five divisions in Microsoft are Entertainment and Devices, Microsoft Business, Windows amp; Live Windows, Online Services, and Server Software (Willis, 2010). 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4 Years free essay sample

Independency, maturity, adulthood, the whole Idea of being out in the world without the support of family, friends, counselors, your church; it’s in all honesty, scary. Isn’t that all part of it though? learning how to function in society without being babied by your mommy and daddy, learning to meet new people finding new things to get plugged into, becoming an independent person, and discovering who you really are. Right now I feel like I have my life, for the most part, figured out. I have a game plan on where I need to be and what I need to do to get there. However the truth is, the scary part is; that I have no idea what’s going to happen to me. Where am I going to live? What’s my future family going to be like? What kind of income am I going to make? These are all questions that nobody but God knows, and that’s where Faith comes in. We will write a custom essay sample on 4 Years or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I hope that in four years I don’t start to blend into the crowd, I continue to pursue God in everything I do. after being plunged into I new atmosphere that is no longer uplifting, no longer accountable I will change and I know that, I will begin the discover thing about myself that I didn’t before, my mannerisms will change, my language, how I respond to people. I just pray that my habits don’t conform negatively to the atmosphere around me.

Research Proposal on Renewable Energy Essay Example

Research Proposal on Renewable Energy Essay Renewable energy is the type of inexhaustible energy which can be used in all spheres of human life. Today people use many kinds of energy, which are not considered to be everlasting: gas, oil, coal, etc. Moreover, these types of energy are not ecologically safe and they ruin the environment and cause pollution of all types. Then, nuclear power stations are even more dangerous, because their wastes cause serious problems for people, animals and plants. Besides, such resources as oil, coal and gas are exhaustible and very soon the humanity will experience the lack of these resources. Even now gas prices and the prices for electricity have become very high and they will become even higher, because very soon the humanity will forget about the existence of such resources as oil and gas. It is obvious that people should try to find alternative sources of energy which will be accessible, cheap and ecologically save. Today well-developed countries have already understood the perspective and the power of the renewable energy and built modern power stations which work due to the power of the wind and solar energy. The energy of the sun and wind can be converted into electricity and can be much more productive than oil and gas. Today there are already area and even small towns which are supplied with renewable energy which much cheaper and safer. Evidently, in a several decades the humanity will use exclusive renewable energy, because people will not have any choice. Today the popularity of the renewable energy is not as high as it should be, because the development of the technologies which will provide people with solar energy and the energy of the wind are delayed by the great businessmen, who control oil resources, which cost enormous money. Students who are asked to write a research proposal have to read much about the types of the renewable energy, its advantages and disadvantages, technologies and methods used for its development. There are several types of the renewable energy and one should analyze every type and present the most effective one. Being a proposal, the paper is expected to contain new fresh ideas which can be useful for the development of the renewable energy. One can offer his own concepts and projects which can make renewable energy even more effective and cheaper. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Renewable Energy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Renewable Energy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Renewable Energy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Research proposal writing is the real art which requires the knowledge of the special skills. In order to complete a good proposal one will need professional writing help of an expert in the form of the free sample research proposal on renewable energy. Due to the well-educated writers who prepare free sample research proposals on renewable energy students can borrow their experience and write their own papers according to the general standards. *** NOTE! As far as you know free sample research proposals and examples about Renewable Energy are 100% plagiarized!!! At EssayLib.com writing service you can order a custom research proposal on Renewable Energy topics. Your research paper proposal will be written from scratch. We hire top-rated Ph.D. and Master’s writers only to provide students with professional research proposal help at affordable rates. Each customer will get a non-plagiarized paper with timely delivery. Just visit our website and fill in the order form with all paper specifications: Enjoy our professional research proposal writing service!