Battle of the Trebia in the Second Punic War

The Battle of the Trebia is believed to have been fought on December 18, 218 BC during the early stages of the Second Punic War (218-201 BC). For the second time in less than fifty years, the competing interests of Carthage and Rome came into conflict and resulted in war. Following his capture of Saguntum in Iberia, the noted Carthaginian commander Hannibal, advanced over the Alps and invaded Italy. Taking the Romans by surprise, he advanced through the Po Valley and won a minor victory at Ticinus. A short time later, Hannibal descended on a larger Roman force along the Trebia River. Taking advantage of a rash Roman commander, he won a crushing victory. The triumph at Trebia was the first of several that Hannibal would win during his time in Italy. Background Having lost Sicily after the First Punic War (264-241 BC), Carthage later endured the loss of Sardinia and Corsica to the Romans when they were distracted putting down rebellions in North Africa. Recovering from these reverses, Carthage commenced expanding its influence to the Iberian Peninsula which gave it access to a variety of resources. This expansion led to direct conflict with Rome over the Hellenized city of Saguntum which was aligned with the Italian nation. Following the assassination of pro-Carthage citizens in Saguntum, Carthaginian forces under Hannibal laid siege to the city in 219 BC. Hannibal Marches The citys fall after a prolonged siege led to open warfare between Rome and Carthage. Completing the capture of Saguntum, Hannibal began planning to cross the Alps to invade northern Italy. Moving forward in the spring of 218 BC, Hannibal was able to sweep aside those native tribes that attempted to block his path and entered the mountains. Battling harsh weather and rough terrain, Carthaginian forces succeeded in crossing the Alps, but lost a significant part of there numbers in the process. Surprising the Romans by appearing in the Po Valley, Hannibal was able to earn the support of rebelling Gallic tribes in the area. Moving quickly, Roman consul Publius Cornelius Scipio attempted to block Hannibal at Ticinus in November 218 BC. Defeated and wounded in the action, Scipio was forced to fall back to Placentia and cede the plain of Lombardy to the Carthaginians. Though Hannibals victory was minor, it had significant political repercussions as it led to additional Gauls and Ligurians joining his forces which raised his armys numbers to around 40,000 (Map). Rome Responds Concerned by Scipios defeat, the Romans ordered Consul Tiberius Sempronius Longus to reinforce the position at Placentia. Alerted to Sempronius approach, Hannibal sought to destroy the second Roman army before it could unite with Scipio, but was unable to do so as his supply situation dictated that he assault Clastidium. Reaching Scipios camp near the banks of the Trebia River, Sempronius assumed command of the combined force. A rash and impetuous leader, Sempronius began making plans to engage Hannibal in open battle before the more senior Scipio recovered and resumed command. Hannibals Plans Aware of the personality differences between the two Roman commanders, Hannibal sought to fight Sempronius rather the wilier Scipio. Establishing a camp across the Trebia from the Romans, Hannibal detached 2,000 men, led by his brother Mago, under the cover of darkness on December 17/18. Sending them to the south, they concealed themselves in stream beds and swamps on the flanks of the two armies. The following morning, Hannibal ordered elements of his cavalry to cross the Trebia and harass the Romans. Once engaged they were to retreat and lure the Romans to a point where Magos men could launch an ambush. Fast Facts: Battle of the Trebia Conflict: Second Punic War (218-201 BC)Dates: December 18, 218 BCArmies Commanders:CarthageHannibal20,000 infantry, 10,000 cavalryRomeTiberius Sempronius Longus36,000 infantry, 4,000 cavalryCasualties:Carthage: 4,000-5,000 casualtiesRome: up to 26,000-32,000 killed, wounded, and captured Hannibal Victorious Ordering his own cavalry to attack the approaching Carthaginian horsemen, Sempronius raised his entire army and sent it forward against Hannibals camp. Seeing this, Hannibal quickly formed his army with infantry in the center and cavalry and war elephants on the flanks. Sempronius approached in the standard Roman formation with three lines of infantry in the center and cavalry on the flanks. In addition, velite skirmishers were deployed forward. As the two armies collided, the velites were thrown back and the heavy infantry engaged (Map). On the flanks, the Carthaginian cavalry, making use of their greater numbers, slowly pushed back their Roman counterparts. As pressure on the Roman cavalry grew, the flanks of the infantry became unprotected and open to attack. Sending forward his war elephants against the Roman left, Hannibal next ordered his cavalry to attack the exposed flanks of the Roman infantry. With the Roman lines wavering, Magos men sprang from their concealed position and attacked Sempronius rear. Nearly surrounded, the Roman army collapsed and began fleeing back across the river. Aftermath As the Roman army broke, thousands were cut down or trampled as they attempted to escape to safety. Only the center of Sempronius infantry, which had fought well, was able to retire to Placentia in good order. As with many battles in this period, precise casualties are not known. Sources indicate that Carthaginian losses were around 4,000-5,000, while the Romans may have suffered up to 32,000 killed, wounded, and captured. The victory at Trebia was Hannibals first great triumph in Italy and would be followed by others at Lake Trasimene (217 BC) and Cannae (216 BC). Despite these stunning victories, Hannibal was never able to completely defeat Rome, and was ultimately recalled to Carthage to aid in protecting the city from a Roman army. In the resulting battle at Zama (202 BC), he was beaten and Carthage was forced to make peace.

Company Motivational Profile Paper - 2752 Words

Company Motivational Profile Paper Microsoft Corporation is a worldwide industry with an annual income of more than $33 billion. Microsoft is more the then largest software and computer company in the world, they are a cultural phenomenon. At the company’s core they base themselves off of producing, developing, manufacturing, and licensing computers and software products. Some of these products include operating systems, server applications, business and consumer applications, developing tools and Internet software. This monster corporation is lead by Bill Gates, one of the world’s wealthiest men and business censor. This company has successfully placed at least one of their products in every home computer in the world. This feat†¦show more content†¦The best way Microsoft creates their representation of the company is by constructing the path for future leaders. Microsoft as a company to become more resourceful has reorganized their structure twice. In 2005 to give the executives more pow er in Microsoft the company reorganized into three large business divisions. Then by 2009 Microsoft made a change in the organization by splitting the divisions into five product groups (Willis, 2010). Because Microsoft is a public corporation the shareholders vote for their board of directors. The board of directors is the ones that appoint the president, vice president, secretary, treasurer, and top executives. As of today Steve Ballmer is the current CEO of Microsoft, and Bill Gates stays as the chairman. From Microsofts structure they organize their divisions which focus on specific services. What makes each division proficient to the products of Microsoft is that they all have their own customer service, research, and development staff. The five divisions in Microsoft are Entertainment and Devices, Microsoft Business, Windows amp; Live Windows, Online Services, and Server Software (Willis, 2010). 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4 Years free essay sample

Independency, maturity, adulthood, the whole Idea of being out in the world without the support of family, friends, counselors, your church; it’s in all honesty, scary. Isn’t that all part of it though? learning how to function in society without being babied by your mommy and daddy, learning to meet new people finding new things to get plugged into, becoming an independent person, and discovering who you really are. Right now I feel like I have my life, for the most part, figured out. I have a game plan on where I need to be and what I need to do to get there. However the truth is, the scary part is; that I have no idea what’s going to happen to me. Where am I going to live? What’s my future family going to be like? What kind of income am I going to make? These are all questions that nobody but God knows, and that’s where Faith comes in. We will write a custom essay sample on 4 Years or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I hope that in four years I don’t start to blend into the crowd, I continue to pursue God in everything I do. after being plunged into I new atmosphere that is no longer uplifting, no longer accountable I will change and I know that, I will begin the discover thing about myself that I didn’t before, my mannerisms will change, my language, how I respond to people. I just pray that my habits don’t conform negatively to the atmosphere around me.

Research Proposal on Renewable Energy Essay Example

Research Proposal on Renewable Energy Essay Renewable energy is the type of inexhaustible energy which can be used in all spheres of human life. Today people use many kinds of energy, which are not considered to be everlasting: gas, oil, coal, etc. Moreover, these types of energy are not ecologically safe and they ruin the environment and cause pollution of all types. Then, nuclear power stations are even more dangerous, because their wastes cause serious problems for people, animals and plants. Besides, such resources as oil, coal and gas are exhaustible and very soon the humanity will experience the lack of these resources. Even now gas prices and the prices for electricity have become very high and they will become even higher, because very soon the humanity will forget about the existence of such resources as oil and gas. It is obvious that people should try to find alternative sources of energy which will be accessible, cheap and ecologically save. Today well-developed countries have already understood the perspective and the power of the renewable energy and built modern power stations which work due to the power of the wind and solar energy. The energy of the sun and wind can be converted into electricity and can be much more productive than oil and gas. Today there are already area and even small towns which are supplied with renewable energy which much cheaper and safer. Evidently, in a several decades the humanity will use exclusive renewable energy, because people will not have any choice. Today the popularity of the renewable energy is not as high as it should be, because the development of the technologies which will provide people with solar energy and the energy of the wind are delayed by the great businessmen, who control oil resources, which cost enormous money. Students who are asked to write a research proposal have to read much about the types of the renewable energy, its advantages and disadvantages, technologies and methods used for its development. There are several types of the renewable energy and one should analyze every type and present the most effective one. Being a proposal, the paper is expected to contain new fresh ideas which can be useful for the development of the renewable energy. One can offer his own concepts and projects which can make renewable energy even more effective and cheaper. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Renewable Energy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Renewable Energy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Renewable Energy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Research proposal writing is the real art which requires the knowledge of the special skills. In order to complete a good proposal one will need professional writing help of an expert in the form of the free sample research proposal on renewable energy. Due to the well-educated writers who prepare free sample research proposals on renewable energy students can borrow their experience and write their own papers according to the general standards. *** NOTE! As far as you know free sample research proposals and examples about Renewable Energy are 100% plagiarized!!! At EssayLib.com writing service you can order a custom research proposal on Renewable Energy topics. Your research paper proposal will be written from scratch. We hire top-rated Ph.D. and Master’s writers only to provide students with professional research proposal help at affordable rates. Each customer will get a non-plagiarized paper with timely delivery. Just visit our website and fill in the order form with all paper specifications: Enjoy our professional research proposal writing service!

Analysis of Stories The Guest by Albert Camus and AP by John Updike

Analysis of Stories The Guest by Albert Camus and AP by John Updike â€Å"The Guest† by Albert Camus The story revolves around an Algerian school headmaster. This is seen in the line that states, â€Å"the school head master planned that they would take thirty minutes to reach hill†. He lived in the upcountry of Algeria for a long time. In addition, he lived next to the school he was a headmaster.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Stories : The Guest by Albert Camus and AP by John Updike specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He taught students with a poor background. To help the students, he volunteered to bring food provided by government for poor pupils. He had been forced to hide a man of an Arab origin in a nearby city. This had got him into a dilemma of making the right choice for himself. The Author Details The Author was an Algerian Journalist born in 1913. He had joined the communist party and actively participated in Algerian politics, but later he relocat ed to France. He was very sensitive to human health as he had suffered from tuberculosis at age 17. Themes The themes portrayed in the story involve human alienation, difficulty of moral choice, human life values, and responsibility. An elaboration of the theme moral choice gives an explanation to the status of dilemma that protagonist, Daru, got into. He had no choice to making his own decision. The act was against his will but he did not know what to do. The political temperatures were high and his actions could determine his destiny. In addition, there is a theme of isolation or loneliness in the story. This is seen in his residential place which was outside the city. Styles The writer uses an inside monologue. This contrasts the common third person narrative form or style. The writer applies an omniscient view point of a third person party to disclose the opinion of the central character, Daru. Symbolism Symbols, such as desolate mountain plate, has been shown to represent the a lienation of Daru. He was contented with himself. That is why he lived in the up- country side. He offered meals to pupils who were disadvantaged economically. Daru was living a simple life. He has dedicated his life to bringing up academic wise pupils. In the statement, â€Å"Untying the prisoner’s hands†, the author refers to this action as to the symbol of release of peoples will (100).Advertising Looking for essay on comparative literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Irony The author’s idea of freedom has been accomplished through the use of hardship and enduring steps. He acted on behalf of peoples choices and he seemed to be ready to make his own. It is ironical that Daru decides to live with a fugitive. He even goes to an extent of feeding him with the best meal. The Arab is amazed and even asks Daru the question â€Å"Why do you eat with me?† (99). The Arab is surprised at Dar u’s hospitality. Daru is a simple man who cares ad cannot commit a crime. According to Daru, he has been forced to live with the Arab who had slit the throat of his cousin, this is â€Å"a relations squabble† (89) in Balducci’s opinion. Instead of turning him to the police as quickly as possible, he dares to live and feed him. He is so caring but it is ironical to keep a murderer who is so deadly. â€Å"AP† by John Updike The story is about a boy named Sammy. Sammy is a cashier who does not like his job. However, he gets exited at three half nakedly dressed girls who get into the shop where he is the cashier. Sammy is amazed at these ladies confidence and he gets attracted to one particular girl named â€Å"Queenie† (Miller Nash 88). The story climaxes with embarrassment by Lengel, a manager at A P. Sammy tries to sympathize with the girls who do not notice his action. He pities them by saying, â€Å"Poor kids, I began to feel sorry for them, th ey couldn’t help it†. He feels disappointed and goes ahead to quit his job with hopes that he will be the ladies â€Å"unsuspected hero†. The Author The writer was one of the most prolific writers. He wrote a range of articles, short stories, memoirs, poetry and essays. He was born in 1932. His AP story is fictional. Theme The themes in this story demonstrate consequences, choices and transition. He is full of struggles and goes ahead to quit his job. The struggle is confirmed when Sammy says, â€Å"my belly sort of cut down as I felt how hard the earth would look like afterwards† (Miller Nash 115).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Stories : The Guest by Albert Camus and AP by John Updike specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He is doing this for the girls. He depicts some degree of love for the girls. He makes a bad choice of quitting his job because Lengel did not impress him. He is completely aware of the choice he is making and he knows that this will affect his family seriously. The manager has tried to persuade him not to quite but he has made up his mind to go away for good. Styles First person Narration method has been employed. This is seen in Sammy’s words. He says â€Å"As I looked through the windowpane, I saw Lengel in my window gap scrutinizing the sheep† (Miller Nash 98). Symbolism Sammy, the protagonist in the story shows some form of immaturity on how he makes his decisions. He has decided to quit his job. The use of symbolism has been applied on the part describing quitting. He has hesitations in â€Å"removing his apron† (Miller Nash 101). The apron once is removed it cannot be returned. This symbolizes his job quitting ordeal. Metaphor Sammy refers to the customers as â€Å"sheep†. This means that they are like stupid human beings. He shows great hatred for his job. His main influence is the life transition eff ects that he is experiencing. It has not hit his head that living without finances is quite challenging. He makes a life changing decision which would lead him into a life of absolute poverty. Irony Ogling with girls is not a big deal to Sammy. This is however ironical in that he feels disturbed when his colleague speaks with the ladies. This is confused because no one wants attention if he or she is not concerned. Comparison between â€Å"AP† and â€Å"The Guest† Theme The two stories share a common theme of decision making and free will from a philosophical perspective. Both protagonists faced a dilemma of making the right choice in their lives. Sammy made a voluntary choice to quit job. He is fully aware of the repercussions of his quilting, but nothing can change his decision. He feels that his boss, Lengel does not respect uniqueness. The fact that the three girls came to the shop in their bikinis embarrassed him. Sammy feels that the boss should understand that t heir shop is located next to the beach. On the other hand, in â€Å"The guest†, Daru faces a dilemma on which choice to make after being forced to hide a prisoner. He is just a mere head teacher in one of the upcountry schools. He has two options from the philosophical point of view. He is to either be a social being and accept the man and let him go free, or accomplish justice by delivering him to the hands of the police. Making the best choice has been the hardest thing for Daru ever since the Arab man had been brought to him.Advertising Looking for essay on comparative literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Irony Both stories use irony. In â€Å"AP†, irony has been employed to show Sammy’s immaturity. This is evident when at first he acts as if ogling with girls is not a big deal, but later he starts feeling attracted to the ladies. This is a sign of the adolescence stage transition. In â€Å"The guest†, irony has been used to express the free will of Daru. The fact that he was a good man and was hiding a murderer was one ironical thing. Style of Narration In â€Å"AP†, the writer has used the first person narration to give the views of the protagonist Sammy. First person narration brings a clear view of what the author wants to express (Miller Nash 121). On the other hand, the author in â€Å"The Guest† uses a monologue. This is opposed to the use of a third person narrative where one cannot read the mind of the protagonist. Metaphor Updike has employed the use of metaphors in his story line. This figurative speech brings energy to narratives whethe r fictional or real stories. On the other side, Camus has not used metaphor in his story. Both stories are fictional ones. Climax Climax has been used in both stories. In the story â€Å"The guest†, climax has been depicted where Daru decides to let the killer go. The decision released him from the hands of the state and also allowed the prisoner to choose his fate. â€Å"In AP†, Climax occurs when Sammy decides to quit his job. He could not take Lengel’s words any more hence he decided to quit his job. Miller, Quentin, and J. Nash. Connections: Composition in Literature. New York: Wordsworth Publishers, 2007. Print.

A Farewell to Arms1 essays

A Farewell to Arms1 essays The book A Farewell to Arms, written by Ernest Hemingway is about the love story of a nurse and a war ridden soldier. The story starts as Frederick Henry is serving in the Italian Army. He meets his future love in the hospital that he gets put in for various reasons. I thought that A Farewell to Arms was a good book because of the symbolism, the plot, and the constant moving of the main The symbolism in A Farewell to Arms is very much apparent. To the main character in novels, nights have always been a sign of death, or something negative to happen. Another one of the symbolisms in A Farewell to Arms is when Henry tries to escape from the Italian army by jumping off one of the ships the army was traveling on and running away from the army. This water symbolized new, clean life that he was going to live from now on. At this time, Henry goes off and finds his wife to be. The plot in A Farewell to Arms was always active. They were never staying in one place too long. It had a very good story line, which was a love story that ended up in a tragedy. The main characters wife got pregnant and she was off to have her baby when problems started occurring. They had to have a cesarean, and the baby dies, and when the mother of the child starts to hemorrhage Henry knows that it was over for his wife and he was right. From the beginning of the book untill the end, the action was up. Ever since the front page Henry was traveling around to different towns so it was not boring for the reader. That made it very interesting for the reader because it was always a new town coming up so you were being introduced in the new characters quite often. As the story goes on , the writer is not introducing as many new people, but they are still traveling around quite a bit. I felt that the authors planning of these types of events in this ...

Land Law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Land Law - Coursework Example Under the common intention constructive trust, when one cohabitee held legal title to property, cohabitees would share the equitable interests whether or not they had made direct contributions to the purchase of the property provided the non-legal owner could prove that there was a common intention that the parties would share the beneficial interest. Moreover, the non-legal owner must also prove that he/she acted to his/her detriment pursuant to this common intention.2 Isaac can be said to have acted to his own detriment pursuant to a common intention that he would share the equitable interest in the Groove home. To start with, he not only quit his well-paid job to move to the Groove home, he gave up his own accommodations at the time. The common intention is further exemplified by Rose’s statement that she had been looking for someone to share the home with and invited Isaac to be that person. The fact that Isaac move to the home and gave up his job and home to do so clearly establishes a common intention. ... istence of a constructive trust as evidence of a common intention.3 Evidence of a common intention can therefore be constructed out of the facts of the case for discussion. Rose expressed an intention to share the beneficial interest in the Groove home with Isaac and Isaac acted pursuant to that common intention by first making indirect financial contributions and acting in ways that supported that intention to his own detriment. Secondly, and at a later stage, Isaac made direct contributions toward the purchase of the Groove home by discharging the mortgage and taking up household expenses. Thirdly, with Rose’s approval Isaac spent 60,000 pounds on further improvements to the property. In the first two instances, Isaac freed up Rose’s own disposable income. In the third instances, Isaac improved the value of the property. This would provide evidence of the acquisition of a beneficial interest in the home pursuant to a common intention.4 Arguably, a resulting trust will be implied out of the direct financial contributions made by Isaac in discharging part of the mortgage obligations on the Groove property.5 Ultimately, the question is whether or not in all the circumstances it would be unfair or unjust to permit Rose, the legal owner of the property, to now treat the ownership of the Groove property in a manner that would encroach upon the acquired equitable rights of Isaac. As stated in McKenzie v McKenzie, a constructive trust will arise: Out of, and is equity’s way of giving effect to, the common intentions of the parties regarding allocation of the beneficial ownership.6 Ultimately, the courts will imply the existence of a constructive trust in circumstances where it would be unjust or fraudulent to permit total beneficial interest in the property to the